Axis 1 â Direction engine (defines trend vs non-trend) Direction engineEconomic payoff shapeTime-series persistenceConvex (trend following)Mean reversionConcaveVolatility convexityLong-vol Only this axis determines whether a strategy is trend following. Axis 2 â Asset selection (shapes beta exposure) Selection methodEffectNo selectionClassic CTACross-sectional z-scoringRelative-strength trendResidual z-scoring vs marketFactor-awareResidual vs multi-factor modelMarket-neutral candidatePairs / spreadsExplicit neutrality Selection determines where exposure comes from, not the payoff shape. Axis 3 â Portfolio constraints (enforce or allow beta) ConstraintOutcomeNoneDirectional betaVol targetingConditional betaDollar neutralityWeak neutralityFactor neutralityTrue market neutralityHard loss capsSurvival-first Market neutrality exists only if enforced here. Mehr sehen