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Scientific illustration depicting COVID-19 virus structure, immune response cells, and laboratory testing equipment.

Introduction Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have exceeded 550 million and resulted in more than 6 million deaths worldwide despite global control measures (1). Infections with SARS-CoV-2 show a broad clinical severity spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening COVID-19. Important hallmarks of severe disease are misdirected immune responses with ongoing cytokine production, profound lymphopenia and skewed T-cell populations (2–4). T lymphocytes (T-cells) have a prominent role in the early control and clearance of the virus. Characterization of T-cell response kinetics in relation to clinical phenotypes helps to understand disease progression, which is key for identification of drug and vaccine targets. Most studies have focused on general changes in the number and functionality of all peripheral blood T-cells in the acute phase of severe COVID-19, whereas few studies measured dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells using in vitro activation assays in large cohorts of individuals with different disease severity in both the acute and convalescent phase (4–11). In this study, we longitudinally characterized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses to the structural spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) interferon-g release assay in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID 19 to improve understanding of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. skappa en bilde eller flera bilder för Ver mais

#science #medical #biology

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