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Cutaway illustration of a historic hydraulic air compressor and blast furnace powered by a waterfall.

Cutaway illustration of a historic hydraulic air compressor and blast furnace powered by a waterfall.

Hydraulic Air Compressors (Trompes):Rather than relying on manual leather bellows, smelters built vertical wooden and stone chutes into waterfalls. Falling water dragged air bubbles down a sealed shaft into an underground separation chamber. The pressurized air was then channeled directly into blast furnaces, achieving the high temperatures ($>1,300^\circ\text{C}$) necessary to smelt bloomery iron and carbon steel continuously without human fatigue. Ver mais

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