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An educational diagram illustrating the biological antimicrobial defenses, showing passive and active nonspecific immunity with various cells and processes.

BAKTERIE │ ▼ ──────────────────────────────── 1. PASSIVT FORSVAR ──────────────────────────────── Hud - Fysisk barriere - Lav pH (fedtsyrer fra hudbakterier) Slimhinder - Slim fanger bakterier - Tårevæske med enzymet lysozym - Mavesyre (HCl) dræber mange bakterier ↓ Hvis bakterien slipper igennem ──────────────────────────────── 2. AKTIVT USPECIFIKT FORSVAR ──────────────────────────────── INFLAMMATION (betændelsesreaktion) Mastceller frigiver histamin ↓ Blodkar udvides ↓ Flere immunceller kommer til området A) CELLULÆRT FORSVAR Makrofager → genkender bakterien → optager den ved FAGOCYTOSE → nedbryder den Granulocytter → ankommer hurtigt → angriber bakterier → mange dør → danner pus Dendritceller → optager bakterie-antigener → transporterer dem til lymfeknuder → aktiverer senere det adaptive forsvar NK-celler → dræber virusinficerede celler → mindre vigtig ved bakterier B) IKKE-CELLULÆRT (HUMORALT) FORSVAR Komplementsystem → proteiner i blodet → starter kædereaktion → laver huller i bakteriers membran → bakterien dør Interferoner → udskilles fra virusinficerede celler → hæmmer virusformering Resultat: Bakterien dræbes ELLER infektionen bremses indtil det adaptive immunforsvar overtager Hvordan du kan tegne det på papir (simpel eksamensmodel) Du kan lave en flowtegning med pile: Bakterie ↓ Hud / slimhinder (passivt forsvar) ↓ Bakterie trænger ind ↓ Inflammation (histamin, øget blodgennemstrømning) ↓ Makrofager fagocyterer bakterien ↓ Granulocytter angriber ↓ Komplementsystem Ver mais

#biology #medical illustration #educational diagram

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