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A two-panel scientific diagram illustrating molecular mechanisms. The left panel shows CoCl2/MI-induced cardiac injury with fragmented mitochondria and various molecular pathways leading to cardiac injury. The right panel shows Peptide X treatment, with fused mitochondria and molecular pathways leading to cardioprotection.

A two-panel scientific diagram illustrating molecular mechanisms. The left panel shows CoCl2/MI-induced cardiac injury with fragmented mitochondria and various molecular pathways leading to cardiac injury. The right panel shows Peptide X treatment, with fused mitochondria and molecular pathways leading to cardioprotection.

“Scientific schematic diagram in Nature-style format showing molecular mechanism of Peptide X in hypoxia and myocardial infarction. Two-panel layout: left panel shows CoCl2/MI-induced injury with increased HIF-1α, DRP1, ROS, BAX and decreased SIRT1, MFN1, AMPK, PGC-1α leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, ATP decrease, MMP loss, apoptosis and cardiac injury. Right panel shows Peptide X treatment increasing SIRT1 as central hub leading to increased MFN1, decreased DRP1, activation of AMPK and PGC-1α, increased PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, restoration of mitochondrial fusion, increased ATP and MMP, decreased ROS, suppression of HIF-1α, decreased BAX and increased BCL-2 resulting in cardioprotection and reduced infarct size. Use green arrows for activation, red blunt lines for inhibition, mitochondrial illustrations showing fragmented vs fused morphology, clean white background, high-resolution journal figure style.” generate the image fo this Ver mais