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A classical painting depicts a gathering of men in 18th-century attire, some standing and some seated around a table with globes and maps in a dimly lit, wood-paneled library.

1. Aufklärung als historische Epoche in Europa Die Aufklärung war eine geistige Bewegung des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Ihr Ziel war es, die Menschen dazu zu bringen, selbstständig zu denken und sich nicht nur auf Traditionen, Religion oder Autoritäten zu verlassen. Wichtige Merkmale: Vernunft steht im Mittelpunkt. Menschen sollen selbst denken und Fragen stellen. Kritik an absoluter Herrschaft und kirchlicher Macht. Forderung nach Freiheit, Gleichheit und Menschenrechten. Förderung von Wissenschaft und Bildung. Bekannte Vertreter: Immanuel Kant Voltaire Jean-Jacques Rousseau Kants Leitspruch: „Habe Mut, dich deines eigenen Verstandes zu bedienen!“ 2. Aufklärung in der Literatur Die Literatur der Aufklärung sollte die Menschen erziehen und zum Nachdenken anregen. Schriftsteller wollten Wissen vermitteln und gesellschaftliche Missstände kritisieren. Ziele der Literatur: Menschen bilden und aufklären. Vernünftiges Denken fördern. Vorurteile und Aberglauben bekämpfen. Toleranz und Menschlichkeit vermitteln. Typische Merkmale: Klare und verständliche Sprache. Moralische Botschaften. Kritik an Kirche, Adel und Ungerechtigkeit. Vernunft statt Gefühle als Leitidee. Wichtige Autoren und Werke: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing – Nathan der Weise Christian Fürchtegott Gellert – Fabeln und Lehrgedichte Beispiel: In Nathan der Weise wirbt Lessing für religiöse Toleranz und die Gleichwertigkeit aller Menschen. Kurzfassung für die Präsentation Historische Aufklärung: Eine europäische Epoche, in Ver más

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