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An open academic book with French text under a desk lamp, with notes and highlighters on a wooden desk.

2.4 Théorie néo-institutionnelle : DiMaggio & Powell (1983) 2.4.1 Présentation et concepts clés Paul DiMaggio et Walter Powell sont deux sociologues américains, figures majeures de la théorie néo-institutionnelle des organisations. Leur article fondateur « The Iron Cage Revisited : Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields » (1983) analyse comment certaines pratiques organisationnelles deviennent des normes taken for granted — considérées comme allant de soi, indépendamment de leur efficacité technique démontrée. DiMaggio et Powell identifient trois mécanismes d’isomorphisme institutionnel — la tendance des organisations d’un même champ à se ressembler progressivement : Isomorphisme coercitif Résulte de pressions formelles (lois, règlements) ou infor- melles (attentes culturelles). L’obligation légale de prévenir les RPS conduit toutes les entreprises à créer des dispositifs de prévention similaires. Isomorphisme normatif Découle de la professionnalisation des acteurs. Les respon- sables RH, formés aux mêmes référentiels (QVT, prévention, bien-être), déploient des pratiques standardisées, souvent importées des cabinets de conseil. Isomorphisme mimétique Repose sur l’imitation des organisations jugées légitimes, particulièrement en situation d’incertitude. Une entreprise copie les initiatives d’un « modèle » sectoriel — Google, startups, grandes entreprises primées — pour si- gnaler sa modernité. Ils distinguent également légitimité externe Mehr sehen

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