1 Print + Melt Simultaneously: Extrude YBCO paste through nozzle while CO₂ laser melts it in real-time 50-100 W laser, 1050-1100°C melt temperature 2 Grow from Substrate: MgO single-crystal base acts as seed; thermal gradient drives directional solidification 800°C substrate, 50-100°C/cm gradient 3 Build Layer-by-Layer: Each new layer epitaxially grows on previous; no separate debinding or sintering 100-200 μm layers, 5-axis motion 4 Oxygen Anneal: Final oxygenation to achieve superconducting properties 450°C, 100 hours, pure O₂ Mehr sehen